McAvoy v. Medina
93 Mass. (11 Allen) 548 (1866)
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Rule of Law:
The owner of a premises has a superior claim to mislaid property, which is property intentionally placed somewhere and then unintentionally forgotten, over the person who finds it.
Facts:
- A customer entered the defendant's shop.
- The customer voluntarily placed a pocket-book upon a table inside the shop.
- The customer then accidentally left the shop, forgetting to take the pocket-book.
- The plaintiff, another customer, later entered the shop, saw the pocket-book on the table, and picked it up.
Procedural Posture:
- The plaintiff, the finder of a pocket-book, sued the defendant shop owner in a trial court to claim title to the property.
- The trial court ruled in favor of the defendant shop owner.
- The plaintiff appealed the trial court's decision, filing 'exceptions' to a higher court for review.
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Issue:
Does a customer who finds a pocket-book that was voluntarily placed on a table in a shop and then forgotten by its owner have a superior claim to the property over the shop owner?
Opinions:
Majority - Dewey, J.
No. Property that is voluntarily placed in a location and then accidentally forgotten is mislaid property, not lost property, and the owner of the premises where it is found has a superior claim to it over the finder. The court distinguished this case from the finders-keepers rule for lost property, such as in Bridges v. Hawkesworth, where an item was found on the floor. Here, the pocket-book was intentionally placed on the table by its owner, making it mislaid. Citing Lawrence v. The State, the court reasoned that the owner of the locus in quo (the premises) becomes a bailee for the true owner. This rule is better adapted to secure the rights of the true owner, who is more likely to retrace their steps and return to the shop to reclaim the forgotten item.
Analysis:
This case establishes the critical legal distinction between lost and mislaid property, creating a separate rule for the latter. By granting possessory rights to the owner of the premises over the finder, the court prioritizes the goal of returning property to its true owner. This decision creates an incentive for premise owners to safeguard mislaid items, as it assumes the true owner will remember where they left the item and return there to find it. This principle has become a foundational element of property law regarding finders' rights.

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