Matter of Giuliani

Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of the State of New York
2021 NY Slip Op 04086, 197 A.D.3d 1, 146 N.Y.S. 3d 266 (2021)
ELI5:

Sections

Rule of Law:

An attorney may be subject to interim suspension when there is uncontroverted evidence that they knowingly made false and misleading statements to courts, lawmakers, and the public, creating an immediate threat to the public interest.


Facts:

  • Following the 2020 United States Presidential Election, Rudolph Giuliani represented Donald Trump and the Trump campaign in efforts to challenge the election results.
  • Giuliani appeared at press conferences, radio programs, and state legislative hearings claiming that widespread voter fraud had stolen the victory from his client.
  • He stated that Pennsylvania counted over 600,000 more absentee ballots than were actually mailed out, a claim refuted by official state data.
  • He asserted that thousands of dead people voted in Philadelphia, specifically claiming heavyweight boxer Joe Frazier voted years after his death.
  • He claimed that voting machines in Georgia manipulated vote tallies and that thousands of underage citizens and felons voted illegally in Georgia and Arizona.
  • He publicly displayed snippets of video surveillance claiming they depicted Georgia election officials counting illegal ballots from 'suitcases,' despite officials having reviewed and debunked this claim.
  • Giuliani continued to repeat these claims regarding dead voters and illegal immigrants on his radio show 'Chat with the Mayor' throughout early 2021.
  • He represented to a federal court in Pennsylvania that his client was pursuing a fraud claim, despite his client having filed an amended complaint that removed the fraud claim.

Procedural Posture:

  • The Attorney Grievance Committee for the First Judicial Department initiated an investigation into complaints regarding Giuliani's professional conduct.
  • The Committee filed a motion with the Appellate Division, First Department seeking an order to immediately suspend Giuliani from the practice of law pending further disciplinary proceedings.

Locked

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Issue:

Does an attorney's repeated dissemination of demonstrably false statements regarding the integrity of a presidential election constitute uncontroverted misconduct and an immediate threat to the public interest warranting interim suspension?


Opinions:

Majority - Per Curiam

Yes, an interim suspension is warranted because the respondent's conduct constitutes uncontroverted evidence of serious professional misconduct that threatens the public interest. The Court found that Giuliani violated Rules of Professional Conduct 3.3, 4.1, and 8.4 by knowingly making false statements. The Court rejected his First Amendment defense, noting that attorney speech is subject to greater regulation to protect the integrity of the legal profession. The Court found his claims of 'lack of knowledge' insufficient because he failed to produce the affidavits or sources he allegedly relied upon. Finally, the Court determined that his conduct posed an immediate threat to the public interest by eroding confidence in democratic institutions and contributing to the tensions that led to the January 6th Capitol riots.



Analysis:

This decision represents a significant application of professional ethics rules to political speech by attorneys. It establishes that while attorneys have free speech rights, they cannot use their license to knowingly propagate demonstrably false factual narratives that undermine public confidence in legal and democratic institutions. The Court's use of an interim suspension—a remedy typically reserved for financial malfeasance or abandonment of clients—highlights the severity with which the judiciary views disinformation regarding election integrity. The ruling clarifies that an attorney cannot avoid discipline by claiming reliance on secret or unproduced sources when making factual assertions.

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