Durand v. Hollins

United States Circuit Court for the Southern District of New York
8 F. Cas. 111 (1860)
ELI5:

Rule of Law:

When a plaintiff in an equity suit wishes to introduce new matter in response to a defendant's answer, the proper procedure is to seek leave of the court to amend the bill, as special replications are obsolete.


Facts:

  • The provided text is a procedural ruling and does not contain the substantive facts of the underlying dispute between the parties.

Procedural Posture:

  • Plaintiff initiated a suit in equity in a federal circuit court by filing a bill.
  • Defendants filed an answer to the bill.
  • Plaintiff then filed a 'special replication' that introduced new matter and failed to deny some allegations in the answer.
  • The matter came before the circuit court for a hearing on the sufficiency of the pleadings.

Locked

Premium Content

Subscribe to Lexplug to view the complete brief

You're viewing a preview with Rule of Law, Facts, and Procedural Posture

Issue:

Is a special replication the proper procedural method for a plaintiff to introduce new factual matter in response to a defendant's answer, or must the plaintiff seek leave to amend the bill?


Opinions:

Majority - Washington, Circuit Justice

No. A special replication is an improper and obsolete procedural tool for a plaintiff to introduce new matter. The correct practice is to apply to the court for leave to amend the bill. The court reasoned that special replications have long been out of use in favor of a more streamlined process. If a plaintiff files a special replication containing new matter, the court will treat that new matter as 'mere surplusage,' and the plaintiff will lose the opportunity to prove it at a hearing. Furthermore, the replication in this specific case was deficient because it failed to deny material allegations in the defendant's answer, which the court would therefore treat as admitted, a result that would be 'fatal to the plaintiff's case.'



Analysis:

This ruling reflects a significant procedural shift in equity pleading, moving away from the complex and multi-stage English forms towards the more simplified American practice. It establishes that the primary pleadings are the bill and answer, and that new issues raised by the answer should be incorporated into an amended bill rather than a series of responsive pleadings. This precedent emphasizes procedural efficiency and reduces the risk of a party's substantive case being dismissed due to archaic and technical pleading errors. It directs practitioners to use amendments as the standard mechanism for refining the scope of a lawsuit after initial pleadings.

🤖 Gunnerbot:
Query Durand v. Hollins (1860) directly. You can ask questions about any aspect of the case. If it's in the case, Gunnerbot will know.
Locked
Subscribe to Lexplug to chat with the Gunnerbot about this case.

Unlock the full brief for Durand v. Hollins